The Influence of Urban Form on Land Surface Temperature: A Comprehensive Investigation from 2D Urban Land Use and 3D Buildings

Urban form plays a critical role in shaping the spatial differentiation of land surface temperature (LST). However, limited research has investigated underlying driving forces and interactions multidimensional urban form, specifically considering two-dimensional (2D) use three-dimensional (3D) buildings, on LST. Furthermore, their multi-scale outcomes remain unclear. Taking main area Wuhan City as an example, total nine indicators—the proportion administration (PA), commercial (PB), industrial (PM), residential (PR), water (PE), building density (BD), height (BH), floor ratio (FAR), sky view factor (SVF)—were selected; this paper used geographic detector model to investigate force LST winter summer, well interaction various influencing factors from perspective. The results showed that (1) average was higher than land, both summer winter. while winter, it is opposite. (2) mainly dominated by 3D 2D use. (3) BD leading between any other indicator most significant explanatory power, which same for PM (4) As scale increased, power gradually increased PE decreased. BD, FAR, SVF remains basically unchanged. BH decreases with increasing scale, stable state. (5) among all primarily increases increases, except PR can provide scientific decision-making support collaborative optimization multiscale forms improve thermal environment.